economic impact

    Top: Society: Issues: Health: Tobacco: Economic_Impact:

• - University of California health care economists created the first detailed picture of the impact of cigarette smoking on Medicaid costs in all 50 states.
  
• - Report estimates the medical costs of tobacco in Central Sydney, Australia.
  
• - Canadian analysis estimates smoking adds about $2000 per year per employee.
  
• - From the Missouri Health Department. Covers costs from treating disease, fires, lost productivity, workplace injuries.
  
• - Conclusions: If people stopped smoking, there would be a savings in health care costs, but only in the short term. Eventually, smoking cessation would lead to increased health care costs. The New England Journal of Medicine, October 9, 1997.
  
• - Research concludes that "reducing or eliminating tobacco product spending in Michigan will increase employment in the state, as well as health."
  
• - Analysis of Philip Morris study on economics of tobacco use.
  
• - Analysis shows smoking is a leading cause of fires and death from fires globally, resulting in an estimated cost of nearly $7 billion in the United States and $27.2 billion worldwide in 1998.
  
• - The total cost of caring for people with health problems caused by cigarette smoking is about $72.7 billion per year, according to health economists at the University of California. "You expect a figure of this magnitude for the impact of smoking on
  
• - Breaks down costs to employers of smoking and secondhand smoke.
  
• - Community costs; direct costs; lives lost; disease and death; intangible costs; hospital costs; fires; other costs.
  
• - Research that followed over 80,000 employees for over 2 years finds smoking has significant costs for employers, even among younger workers.
  
• - Policy and law analysis makes the case that the U.S. Department of Justice should sue the tobacco industry for costs the product incurred, and industry deception and coverup which resulted in increased use.
  
• - Research measures costs to employers of smoking in the workplace in Scotland.
  
• - Online copies of Dr. Harris's economic analyses, most dealing with costs and prices of tobacco products.
  
• - Estimates cost of Social Security payments made for youths who became motherless or fatherless due to tobacco use.
  
• - Research paper summarizes qualitative and quantitative human and financial tolls from smoking, ranging from cigarette burns, to cigarette ignited fire disasters, to caring for dying smokers and replacing their financial and social contributions to their s
  
• - 1993 report breaks down costs by state.
  
• - CDC report; every pack of cigarettes costs $3.45 for medical care attributable to smoking and $3.73 in productivity losses, for a total cost of $7.18 per pack.
  
• - News story itemizes some of the costs of smoking.
  
• - Economic report estimates the cost of tobacco-caused disease among currently living U.S. veterans.
  
• - Report on 1997 Medicare and overall healthcare costs in the U.S. due to cigarette smoking, based on estimates of 1993 spending.
  
• - Results of a study on the social costs of drug use in Australia.
  
• - Complete report available online.
  
• - Reserach summary. Estimates that tobacco products cost employers $47 billion dollars in 1990.
  
• - The cost of smoking in terms of healthcare at one Irish hostpial is estimated: the hospital's budget was about £177 million per year, and about half the 500 to 600 patients were there because of smoking.
  
• - Cost of tobacco in Canada from worker absenteeism, fires, and lost income due to premarure death.
  
• - Presentation of econometric models and resulting estimates of cost.
  
• - A look at the global costs of growing and using the crop. Written by the San Francisco Tobacco Free Coalition and the San Francisco Tobacco Free Project.
  
• - In 1991 the costs of smoking to Canadian society totalled approximately $15B; this report breaks it down by health care costs, absenteeism, fires, and lost future income caused by premature death
  
• - Scientific article: quitting smoking reduces absences from work.
  
• - What are the costs? Who pays? And are anti-tobacco policies cost-effective? Short paper considers these questions.
  
• - Research measures the total cost of smoking in Ontario is US$2.91 billion. Associated with these economic costs are health-related harms: 69,318 hospital separations; 1,007,647 days stay in hospitals; 11,648 deaths resulting in more than 171,443 person-ye
  
• - Very short factsheet, but all sources cited.
  
• - Extensive report adds up the cost to $15.8 billion, breaks it down by type of cost, disease, gender, county, and includes estimates for lost productivity, secondhand smoke. PDF format.
  
• - Abstract and full text of article.
  
• - The European Journal of Public Health: scientific article.
  
• - Abstract of recent research estimates percentage of total health care costs attributable to smoking.
  
• - Short factsheet measures the UK cost of tobacco products in different ways.
  
• - Complete online book. Outlines the different types of cost; who bears the cost; estimating the costs; future smoking costs trends in developing countries; policy implications.
  
• - Includes summary of the cost of smoking in the UK.
  
• - European research measures the total lifetime costs of smoking.
  
• - UK Institute of Development Studies discussion asks, what are the consequences of cigarette consumption for the world's poorest regions? Is tobacco control a development issue? Sections include: summary; tobacco, poverty, and health; taxation; tobacco co
  
• - Tobacco generated more costs than alcohol, and more than 7 times as much as all illegal drugs combined.
  
• - Costs shown broken down into direct health care costs, costs of indirect mortality and indirect morbidity; for Canada, the U.S., and Australia. Supporting research identified for each cost estimate.
  
• - Costs due to increased absenteeism, productivity, insurance; summary of research.
  
• - Identifies the medical care costs attributable to cigarette smoking for the United States for 1993; describes in detail the collection of econometric models that are used to calculate these costs.
  
• - Can select a state and find out the smoking-attributable expenditures for that state. Breaks the cost down by ambulatory, hospital, nursing home, drug, and other expenses.
  
• - Collection of evidence introduced into trial on the costs tobacco products place on the smoker, the family, government, and society; most documents in PDF format.
  
• - Cost of fires started by dropped (not fire safe) cigarettes.
  
• - Article examines the literature available, the estimates arrived at, their validity, and their implications.
  
• - Research concludes "the cumulative impact of excess medical care required by smokers at all ages while alive outweighs shorter life expectancy, and smokers incur higher expenditures for medical care over their lifetimes than never-smokers".